Learning outcome 2 The learner will: understand the structure and function of the muscular system

The learner must:
 describe the structure and function of the muscular system
 explain types of muscle contraction
 describe different fibre types

Learners must describe the different muscle types, including:
 smooth, cardiac and skeletal
 the characteristics of each muscle type
 examples of where each muscle type can be located in the body.
Learners must identify the location of the major muscles of the body:
 biceps, triceps, deltoids, pectoralis major, rectus abdominis, quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus
laterals, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius), hamstrings (semimembranosus,
semitendinosus, and biceps femoris), gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis anterior, erector spinae, teres
major, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, obliques, and gluteus maximus.
Learners must describe the functions of the muscular system, to include:
 movement
 heat production
 muscle contraction

Learners must include a description of the sliding filament theory for muscle contraction and make
reference to:
 actin
 myosin
 sarcomere
 troponin
 tropomyosin
 calcium
 ions
 ATPase.
Learners must describe how muscles work in antagonistic pairs and include the role of:
 agonists
 antagonists
 fixators
 synergists.
Learners must describe the 4 types of contraction:
 isometric
 concentric
 eccentric
 isokinetic.
Learners must describe the different fibre types: Type 1; Type 2a; Type 2b and include:
 the different characteristics of each classification
 examples of different sports or actions where these fibres are used.
Specialist sources refer to sources of anatomy and physiology information which are credible and
could include text/reference books, experts in the field and research/evidence based.
Different formats refer to the use of different ways that anatomy and physiology information may be
presented and could include journals or videos.